Junín Virus

Description

Part 1. Include a title page with the name of the disease in the title of your report. See APA format for a title page: Purdue Online Writing Library (OWL) https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ ( total 1 point ) Part 2. Include a short abstract (250 to 300 words) that is a brief overview of the purpose, importance of the topic, and main points and findings of your report. See format on same OWL page as Part 1. (5 points) Part 3. Background information about the pathogen and disease it causes (total 20 points) 3a) (5 points possible): Describe the signs (objective evidence, for example, high blood pressure) and symptoms (subjective evidence, for example, a headache) and serious complications of the disease (2 points). Indicate where the disease is normally found (1.5 points) and the way or ways by which it is transmitted (1.5 points). 3b) (8 points possible) Name the virus that causes the disease and the family in which it is classified (1 point). Describe the virus; this should include a description of the type of genome, type of nucleocapsid symmetry, virion shape and size, enveloped or non-enveloped, components, tropism, host range (3.5 points), Describe the five stages of the life cycle (attachment, entry, uncoating, biosynthesis-replication and viral protein synthesis, maturation and release) (3.5 points) in your description of the life (replication) cycle. You must name the stage and specify which of the events occur in it. The description should be at the level covered in this course, and you must define terms not covered in the course. Part 3b of your report should be one to two paragraphs. Sources for explanations of terms and illustrations include UMGC BIOL 302 Course Module 4 Commentary, week five topics and reading assignments, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), ViralZone websites. 3c) (7 points possible): Describe the pathogenesis of infection (how the pathogen infects the host and causes the disease) (2.5 points), how the host’s body fights the infection to try and prevent disease, (2.5 points) and current preventive measures. (2 points) Some sources for background information for Part 3: Fate of Viral Infections in Course Module 4 Viruses, Chapters 6 and 22-25 in Parker et al. (2016) OpenStax Microbiology textbook used in this class, and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Vaccine Education Center (http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center ) Part 4. Discussion of the science of a recent research study on the pathogen or disease it causes. Your instructor will assign you the article and experiment to use for Part 4 -see feedback to your submission to your Project 1 Part 4 Article assignment folder. (total 40 points) 4a) (10 points possible): Describe the purpose of the study and the hypothesis (2 points). State the independent and dependent variables and at least one controlled variable and explain as related to their definitions and purpose in a study or experiment (6 points). State the control group(s) and the type of (positive or negative and explain how they are used as controls in the experiment ( 2 points). You might find it helpful to review the Scientific Method Tutorial, Week 1 conference topics, and week 3 and 4 topics. 4b) (20 points possible): In this section, you will summarize the overall approach, the experiment(s) you are assigned, and results. First, prepare a flow diagram showing the design of the experiment (5 points) and summarize the overall approach and methods for how the experiment was conducted (5 points). Then summarize the results in tables or figures assigned by the instructor (5 points) and describe the results shown in the figures or tables in a paragraph (5 points). You want to include enough information so that a reader knows what was done and how the study was conducted and the results without reading the article. Prepare a summary table or figure to point out the main points of the study (not a table or figure copied from the article). The following are two websites include guidelines and examples about creating tables and graphs. UNC-CH (n.d.) Figures and Charts. The Writing Center. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH). Retrieved from http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/figures-and-charts/ This handout has good explanations and illustrations except for that y-axis label (Number) missing in Figure 3. OWL (n.d.) APA Tables and Figures 1. Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL). Retrieved from https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/apa_tables_and_figures.html This handout describes the purpose of a table, lists guidelines for what information to include in a table, and includes examples of how to present the information. 4c) (4 points possible): Describe one major finding in the study stated by the scientists (2 points) and their conclusion based on that finding (2 points). 4d) (4 points possible): Discuss the importance of the study finding (2 points) and describe the limitations of the study noted by the authors. (2 points) 4e) (2 points possible) Include a sentence about what you found interesting about the research study. Further Part 4 instruction: For Project 1 you are assigned the following article about Junin virus (JUNV) infection for Part 4 Discussion of the science of a recent research study on the pathogen or disease it causes: Zeitlin, L., Geisbert, J. B., Deer, D. J., Fenton, K. A., Bohorov, O., Bohorova, N., Goodman, C., Kim, D., Hiatt, A., Pauly, M. H., Velasco, J., Whaley, K. J., Altmann, F., Gruber, C., Steinkellner, H., Honko, A. N., Kuehne, A. I., Aman, M. J., Sahandi, S., Enterlein, S., … Geisbert, T. W. (2016). Monoclonal antibody therapy for Junin virus infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(16), 4458–4463. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600996113 Free copy in PubMed You are not expected to cover or understand everything in the article. You will focus on the experiments testing the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the guinea pig model. Include the following in your discussion for Part 4. I. Rationale: Passive immunization with immune plasma or convalescent serum is effective in reducing mortality associated with Junin virus infection. In a paragraph to introduce the Zeitin et al. (2016) research briefly explain the reason(s) for producing and testing JUNV monoclonal antibodies (mAb) as an alternative therapy. This might be easier to understand in the following Science Daily article about the same study: University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. (2016, April 4). Researchers have developed successful new treatment against the deadly Junin virus. ScienceDaily. Retrieved from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160404170312.htm II. Include in your summary for Part 4a: a. Describe the purpose of the overall study. b. In the study the scientists performed several different experiments. You will discuss the experiment designed to test the effectiveness (protective efficacy) of the mAbs (Figure 2B). Describe the purpose of the experiment. c. As per the instructions for 4a in What to Include in Your Report state the independent and dependent variables and at least one controlled variable for the experiments. State the control group(s) and the type of (positive or negative and explain how they are used as controls in the experiment. III. Include in your summary for Part 4b a. Approach (Experimental Design) – In a flow chart or diagram outline the experimental design of two experiments (both can be summarized in one flow diagram. The purpose is to help someone not reading the scientific article know what was done and to follow your discussion and summary of the study. b. Results – In a table summarize the Day 30 post-infection results. If the percent survival is not stated in the text, estimate the values from Figure 2B. In the table include the number of animals in each group at the start of the experiment. Describe what the results show. – Briefly summarize the Therapeutic window study with J199. Don’t forget to refer to your figures and tables within the text of your discussion. IV. Parts 4c, 4d, and 4e as per the instructions for “What to Include in Your Report”. V. Some terms to explain include: passive immunization, therapeutic window, monoclonal antibody (mAb), immune serum, virus challenge model Part 5. (15 points possible): Description and discussion about an environmental or other factor contributing to the emergence or re-emergence of the disease or the impact of the disease on society (locally or globally) (7.5 points). Include at least one specific example to illustrate and data as supportive evidence (7.5 points). Part 6. Include a glossary defining the medical and scientific terms that may not be familiar to a student taking this course. These must be written as complete sentences in your own words and the sources of the definitions cited. (5 points) Part 7. (7 points possible): Include in-text citations and an evaluative annotated bibliography reference page using APA style; be consistent throughout your report. For instructions, see the below section Preparing an Evaluative Annotated Bibliography. Points earned are for complete and accurate citations (6 points) and clear evaluative annotations (2 points). Part 8. Use correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence and paragraph construction. The report should be neat and clearly organized with subheadings. You may use double spacing between lines or single spacing; if you use single spacing, then insert a blank line between paragraphs. (6 points) Note-1: When you include tables and figures, you need to refer to them within your report and explain what they show. Note 2: You must include citations for Parts 3, 4, 5, and 6. Points will be deducted for sections missing in-text and reference list citations. No points will be earned for topics or subtopics with no in-text citations.

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